journal articles
POTENTIALLY MODIFIABLE DEMENTIA RISK FACTORS IN CANADA: AN ANALYSIS OF CANADIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGING WITH A MULTI-COUNTRY COMPARISON
S. Son, M. Speechley, G.Y. Zou, M. Kivipelto, F. Mangialasche, H.H. Feldman, H. Chertkow, S. Belleville, H. Nygaard, V. Hachinski, F. Pieruccini-Faria, M. Montero-Odasso
J Prev Alz Dis 2024;5(11):1490-1499
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that up to 40% of dementia cases worldwide are associated with modifiable risk factors; however, these estimates are not known in Canada. Furthermore, sleep disturbances, an emerging factor, has not been incorporated into the life-course model of dementia prevention.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the population impact of 12 modifiable risk factors in Canadian adults including sleep disturbances, by sex and age groups, and to compare with other countries.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging baseline data.
SETTING: Community.
PARTICIPANTS: 30,097 adults aged 45 years and older.
MEASUREMMENTS: Prevalence and Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) associated with less education, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, hypertension, excessive alcohol, obesity, smoking, depression, social isolation, physical inactivity, diabetes, and sleep disturbances.
RESULTS: The risk factors with the largest PAF were later life physical inactivity (10.2%; 95% CI, 6.8% to 13%), midlife hearing loss (6.5%; 3.7% to 9.3%), midlife obesity (6.4%; 4.1% to 7.7%), and midlife hypertension (6.2%; 2.7% to 9.3%). The PAF of later life sleep disturbances was 3.0% (95% CI, 1.8% to 3.8%). The 12 risk factors accounted for 51.9% (32.2% to 68.0%) of dementia among men and 52.4% (32.5% to 68.7%) among women. Overall, the combined PAF of all risk factors was 49.2% (31.1% to 64.9%), and it increased with age.
CONCLUSION: Nearly up to 50% of dementia cases in Canada are attributable to 12 modifiable risk factors across the lifespan. Canadian risk reduction strategies should prioritize targeting physical inactivity, hearing loss, obesity, and hypertension.
CITATION:
S. Son ; M. Speechley ; G.Y. Zou ; M. Kivipelto ; F. Mangialasche ; H.H. Feldman ; H. Chertkow ; S. Belleville ; H. Nygaard ; V. Hachinski ; F. Pieruccini-Faria ; M. Montero-Odasso (2024): Potentially Modifiable Dementia Risk Factors in Canada: An Analysis of Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging with a Multi-Country Comparison. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease (JPAD). http://dx.doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2024.105